Certified Protection Professional (CPP) Practice Exam

The effectiveness of voice analyzers in detecting deception is best described as not determined. This reflects the fact that while there is ongoing research in this field, there has not yet been conclusive evidence supporting their reliability or validity across various contexts. Voice analysis technology claims to recognize stress or emotional changes in a person's voice that may indicate deceit, but the scientific community has not reached a consensus on its accuracy. The variability in individual speech patterns, cultural differences, and the complexity of human emotions contribute to the challenges in establishing a definitive standard for voice analyzers.

In contrast, the other choices suggest certainty or established reliability which does not align with the current understanding in the field. The assertion that something is well established or proven to be reliable implies a level of consensus and validation that has not been achieved for voice analysis as a method of deception detection. Additionally, while state regulations may impact the use of these tools, regulations do not establish their effectiveness. Thus, saying their effectiveness is not determined encapsulates the current state of research better than the other options.