Which act focuses on the protection of sensitive information in the U.S.?

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is specifically designed to protect sensitive information, particularly regarding individuals' health records and personal health information. Under HIPAA, healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities that deal with health information are required to implement safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of this information. The act regulates the sharing of health information, granting patients rights over their health data, including the right to access their medical records.

HIPAA's focus on protecting sensitive information makes it a cornerstone of privacy laws in the healthcare sector. This is in contrast to the other acts listed, which address different issues: the Americans with Disabilities Act pertains to discrimination against individuals with disabilities; the Family and Medical Leave Act relates to employees' rights to take unpaid leave for specified family and medical reasons; while the Sarbanes-Oxley Act aims to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures.